| The Chinese radical (Chinese: 部首) is an essential element of the Chinese dictionary. The list of Chinese radicals is a rough equivalent of a Chinese "alphabet". Every Chinese character is classified under a radical and characters with the same radical are sorted by the number of strokes (Simplified Chinese: 画; Traditional Chinese: 畫) used in writing them. The number of strokes varies between 1 and 17. Characters belonging to a particular radical are in turn listed on the basis of the number of additional strokes. Note that the number of strokes is not always clear to the untrained eye. There have been several systems of radicals in use at various times during the history of the Chinese language. The following describes the Unicode system of radicals, which is based on the traditional 214 radicals of the Kangxi dictionary. The main difference between the Unicode and the Kangxi radicals is that the Unicode system has been extended to classify both simplified and traditional Chinese characters, as well as characters which are used only in Japanese or Korean. 1 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 一 丨 丶 丿 乙/乚 亅/了 2 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 二 亠 人/亻 儿 入 八 冂 冖 冫 几 凵 刀/刂 力 勹 匕 匚/匸 十 卜 卩 厂 厶 又 讠 阝 3 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 艹 口 囗 土 士 夂 夕 大 女 子/孑 宀 寸 小 尢 尸 屮 山 川/巛 工 己 巾 干 幺 纟 广 廴 廾 弋 弓 彐/彑 彡 彳 忄 扌 氵 犭 辶 门 饣 马 4 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 心 戈 户 手 支 攴 攵 文 斗 禸 斤 方 无 日/曰 月 木 欠 止 歹 殳 毋 比 毛 氏 气 水 火/灬 爪 父 片 牙 牛 犬 王 礻 贝 长 韦 风 飞 见 车 5 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 玄 玉 瓜 瓦 甘 生 用 衤 田 疋 疒 癶 白 皮 皿 目 矛 矢 石 示 禾 穴 立 鸟 龙 钅 6 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 竹 米 糸 缶 网 羊 羽 老 而 耒 耳 聿 肉 臣 自 至 臼 舌 舟 艮 色 虍 虫 血 行 衣 西 页 齐 7 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 角 言 谷 豆 豕 豸 赤 走 足 身 辛 辰 邑 酉 釆 卤 里 龟 8 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 金 阜 隶 隹 雨 青 非 鱼 齿 黾 9 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 骨 面 革 韭 音 食 首 香 鬼 10 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 高 髟 鬲 11 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 鹿 黄 麻 12 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 黍 鼎 黑 黹 13 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 鼓 鼠 14 Stroke Chinese Radicals: 鼻 |
Monday, March 1, 2010
List of Chinese Radicals
Friday, February 26, 2010
Thursday, February 11, 2010
“对”“对于”と“关于”の用法
“对”(…に対して、…について) “对于”(…について、…に対して)と“关于”(…に関して、…について)は日常会話の中にもよく使われる介詞の3つですが、学生は“对于”よりも“对”、あるいは“关于”をよく使います。日本語の「…に対して」と「…に関して」の関係だと思います。この課ではこの3つの介詞の用法を説明し、学生の誤文を分析したいと思います。
学生の“对”についての用法はあまり問題がないと思いますが、間違えるというより使える所で使わなかったり、他の介詞を使ってしまうのが問題です。例えば、
(1) 僕は相撲に興味がない。
我没兴趣相扑。 Wǒ méi xìngqù xiàngpū。
(2) 彼はこの場所をよく知っている。
他这个地方很了解。 Tā zhè ge dìfāng hěn liǎojiě.
(3) 彼は私に笑いかけた。
* 他给我笑了笑。 Tā gěi wǒ xiào le xiào。
(1)(2)は“对”を使わなくても間違いではありませんが、“对”を使って“我对相扑没兴趣。”“他对这个地方很了解。”の方がもっと中国語らしくなります。(3)は“对”を使うべき所に“给”を使ってしまいました。確かに両方とも同じく「に」を表す介詞ですが、“给”は何かを相手に与える時に使います。“对”は動作の感情や態度を相手に示す時に使いまあす。ですから、“他对我笑了一笑。”と言わなければなりません。
1.1 “对于”はすべて“对”に替えることができます。例えば、
(4) 对于(对)这个问题,我还不了解。
Duìyú(duì) zhè ge wèntí, wǒ hái bù liǎojiě
(この問題については、まだよくわからない)
(5) 我对于(对)花钱买这个东西不太赞成。
Wǒ duìyú(duì) huā qián mǎi zhège dōngxī bù tài zànchéng.
(お金を使ってこんなものを買うのはあまり賛成できない)
(6) 那个国家对于(对)公害问题处理得很好。
Nà ge guójiā duìyú(duì) gōnghài wèntí chǔlǐ dé hěnhǎo。
(あの国は公害の問題にとてもよく対処している)
1.2 すべての“对”を“对于”に置き換えることはできません。相手に感情や態度を示す時には“对于”を使えません。例えば、
(7) 王老师对我们很好。 Wáng lǎoshī duì wǒmen hěn hǎo
(王先生は私たちに大変親切です)
﹡ 王老师对于我们很好.
(8) 他对我点点头。 Tā duì wǒ diǎndiǎn tóu
(彼は私に向ってうなずいた)
﹡ 他对于我点点头。
(9) 我对他很失望。 Wǒ duì tā hěn shīwàng
(僕は彼に失望した)
1.3 助動詞と副詞の後には“对于”は使えません。例えば、
(10) 他们会对这件事采取报复行动的。
Tāmen huì duì zhè jiàn shì cǎiqǔ bàofù xíngdòng de。
(彼らはこの事に対して、報復の行動を取るだろう)
﹡ 他们会对于这件事采取报复行动的。
(11) 我们已经对那个问题做好准备了。
Wǒmen yǐjīng duì nàge wèntí zuòhǎo zhǔnbèi le 。
(われわれは既にあの問題にはちゃんと用意ができている)
﹡ 我们已经对于那个问题做好准备了。
従って、人.物.事について、あるいは対しては、“对于”よりも“对”を使えば十分かつ無難です。“对于”は感情や態度を示すのではなく、対処や考えなどの動作が要求され、もし助動詞か副詞があったらその前にしか置けません。
2、“关于”
“关于”は人、物、事などの内容に関わること表す介詞で、日本語の「…に関する」「…に関して」と意味が同じなので、学生はよく使えると思います。例えば、
(12)这本书是关于少年犯罪的书。
Zhè běn shū shì guānyú shàonián fànzuì de shū
(この本は少年犯罪に関する本だ)
(13)关于少年犯罪的问题是个很复杂的社会问题。
Guānyú shàonián fànzuì de wèntí shì gè hěn fùzá de shèhuì wèntí
(少年犯罪についての問題は複雑な社会問題だ)
(14)关于少年犯罪问题,你们发表了什么意见?
Guānyú shàonián fànzuì wèntí,nǐmen fābiǎo le shénme yìjiàn?
(少年犯罪問題につてい、あなた方はどんな意見を発表したのですか)
(15)关于少年犯罪问题,你们讨论讨论吧。
Guānyú shàonián fànzuì wèntí,nǐmen tǎolùn tǎolùn ba
(少年犯罪問題について、ちょっと話し合ってください)
3、“关于”と“对于”の違い
3.1 “关于”が指す内容は、後の動詞の対象でも対象でなくてもかまいませんが、“对于”の指す内容は、必ず後の動詞の対象でなければなりません。(12)(13)は“关于”の指す内容について説明しているに過ぎないので、“对于”に替えることはできません。(14)(15)は“关于”の指す内容が後の動詞の対象なので、“对于”に替えることができます。
3.2 “对于”には、心理、感情を表す動詞を使えますが、“关于”は使えません。
(16)对于少年犯罪问题,大家都很伤心。
Duìyú shàonián fànzuì wèntí,dàjiā dōu hěn shāngxīn
(少年犯罪問題について、みな心を痛めている)
(17) 对于少年犯罪问题,大家都摇头叹气。
Duìyú shàonián fànzuì wèntí,dàjiā dōu yáotóu tànqì
(少年犯罪問題について、みな頭を振りため息をつく)
(16)(17)はともに“关于”に替えることはできません。
3.3 “关于”は必ず主語の前に置き、“对于”は主語の前でも後でもかまいません。
(18) 关于少年犯罪问题,你们再研究研究吧。
Duìyú shàonián fànzuì wèntí,nǐmen zài yánjiū yánjiū ba
(少年犯罪問題について、もう少し研究してください)
(19) 你们对于少年犯罪问题,再研究研究吧。
Nǐmen duìyú shàonián fànzuì wèntí,zài yánjiū yánjiū ba
(少年犯罪問題について、もう少し研究してください)
Saturday, February 6, 2010
Saturday, January 16, 2010
How to learn Chinese well for foreigners? 外国人如何学好汉语?
Source: Chinesetimes
my mother language is Chinese.and my major in Chinese.so i share some of methods of how to learn chinese.this article is for the person who has learn Chinese for short time or some foreigners who is poor in Chinese.
i point out three key method :interest,input,practice.
first,interest is the best teacher.if you want to be good at Chinese,you must bring up your interest of learning Chinese.interest can help you fight against whit dull.find something you like to do.for example.you like to watch TVso you can watch some Chinese TV with your mother language caption.if you like to chatting ,you can using Chinese to chatting with Chinese throughth internet,or by other ways.
second.you must insist on studying.no input,no output.so you must learn some chinese character or phrase every somedays.after studying,it is better to use the character you have learn to write some chinese article ,or chatting wiht chinese.so you can not forget the character or phrase. do not stop learn for long,and learn continue to learn .if so,it almost impossible for you to be good at Chinese.but i advise you that not to learn too more by one time of learning Chinese.if so ,you may be feel dull.and then stop to learn Chinese.
third.do not afraid to make mistake.do not afraid make joke.do not be too care with grammar.if you are too care with the grammar ,it will be too dull.to do practice everytime ervrywhere you want to practise chinese.remember that if you want to be good at chinese ,you must do more pratice.
the last.creat a chinese environment.as we know.the best way to learn chinese is to creat a chinese environment.because it has more pritise chance,less dull,and you can remember what you study for long times,may be all your life.so many foreigners come to china for studying.but if you can not come to china ,you can use the internet ,or some other ways.
i hope that you can use the methods to learn chinese.so you can make greate progress by using less time.thank you for you reading.
i point out three key method :interest,input,practice.
first,interest is the best teacher.if you want to be good at Chinese,you must bring up your interest of learning Chinese.interest can help you fight against whit dull.find something you like to do.for example.you like to watch TVso you can watch some Chinese TV with your mother language caption.if you like to chatting ,you can using Chinese to chatting with Chinese throughth internet,or by other ways.
second.you must insist on studying.no input,no output.so you must learn some chinese character or phrase every somedays.after studying,it is better to use the character you have learn to write some chinese article ,or chatting wiht chinese.so you can not forget the character or phrase. do not stop learn for long,and learn continue to learn .if so,it almost impossible for you to be good at Chinese.but i advise you that not to learn too more by one time of learning Chinese.if so ,you may be feel dull.and then stop to learn Chinese.
third.do not afraid to make mistake.do not afraid make joke.do not be too care with grammar.if you are too care with the grammar ,it will be too dull.to do practice everytime ervrywhere you want to practise chinese.remember that if you want to be good at chinese ,you must do more pratice.
the last.creat a chinese environment.as we know.the best way to learn chinese is to creat a chinese environment.because it has more pritise chance,less dull,and you can remember what you study for long times,may be all your life.so many foreigners come to china for studying.but if you can not come to china ,you can use the internet ,or some other ways.
i hope that you can use the methods to learn chinese.so you can make greate progress by using less time.thank you for you reading.
外国人如何学好汉语?
作为一名母语是中文,专业也是中文的学生。现在分享一些学习中文的方法。针对刚开始学习中文的或者中文水平较差的外国朋友。
有三个关键点:兴趣,积累,练习
首先,兴趣是最好的老师。学习中文一定要有兴趣,这是学好中文的关键所在。找出你喜欢做的事。比如你喜欢,看电视,你可以看些带有英文字幕的中文电影。喜欢和朋友交流,你可以交一些中国朋友,用中文来和他们交流。等等。
第二,要有持之以恒,每天有一定的积累,但不能太着急。没有输入,就没有输出。在保证不会太枯燥的情况下,每天学习一些中文字或者词组。然后想办法把刚学 会的字和词组用起来,比如用这些字和词组和中国朋友聊天,这样会产生兴趣,避免枯燥,帮助记忆。持之以恒,效果会很好。如果中断学习,后面再学习时,效果 会很差。
第三,不要怕犯错误!不要怕闹笑话。不要太在意语法。如果会很认真的去学习语法,这样学习中文就太枯燥,很多外国人就因此放弃了学习中文。想说就说,增加了练习的机会,这样会提高很快。
第四,培养一个中文的环境!我们知道,在外语环境里学外语,效果是最好的,因为练习的次数多,记忆效果好,而且不会产生枯燥。如果你不能来中国,就通过网络和中国人进行交流。
相信你用以上方法进行实践,你学习中文就能进步很快。谢谢。
有三个关键点:兴趣,积累,练习
首先,兴趣是最好的老师。学习中文一定要有兴趣,这是学好中文的关键所在。找出你喜欢做的事。比如你喜欢,看电视,你可以看些带有英文字幕的中文电影。喜欢和朋友交流,你可以交一些中国朋友,用中文来和他们交流。等等。
第二,要有持之以恒,每天有一定的积累,但不能太着急。没有输入,就没有输出。在保证不会太枯燥的情况下,每天学习一些中文字或者词组。然后想办法把刚学 会的字和词组用起来,比如用这些字和词组和中国朋友聊天,这样会产生兴趣,避免枯燥,帮助记忆。持之以恒,效果会很好。如果中断学习,后面再学习时,效果 会很差。
第三,不要怕犯错误!不要怕闹笑话。不要太在意语法。如果会很认真的去学习语法,这样学习中文就太枯燥,很多外国人就因此放弃了学习中文。想说就说,增加了练习的机会,这样会提高很快。
第四,培养一个中文的环境!我们知道,在外语环境里学外语,效果是最好的,因为练习的次数多,记忆效果好,而且不会产生枯燥。如果你不能来中国,就通过网络和中国人进行交流。
相信你用以上方法进行实践,你学习中文就能进步很快。谢谢。
Friday, January 15, 2010
Tuesday, January 5, 2010
2009 Top ten internet buzzwords in china.2009中国十大网络流行语 2009 Top ten internet buzzwords in china.2009中国十大网络流行语
1. What big brother is eating isn’t noodles, but loneliness.
1.哥吃的不是面,是寂寞。
It’s ironic that in a country as populous as China, a meme about loneliness would be so popular. This seemingly irrational line has been repeated in every possible permutation, on every possible occasion, e.g. “What big brother is reading not a book, but loneliness.”
像中国人口这么多的国家,关于寂寞的病毒式模仿会这么流行实在是件很讽刺的事情。这句看上去很无厘头的话被用在了所有可能搭配的排列中,用在了所有场合,比如,“哥看的不是书,是寂寞。”
2. Don’t fantasize about big brother: I am only legend.
2.别迷恋哥,哥只是个传说。
The most popular variation of this line is “Don’t fantasize about big sister: I am only legend.”
这句话最流行的变体是“别迷恋姐,姐只是个传说。”
3. Jia Junpeng, your mom wants you to go home for dinner.”
3.贾君鹏,你妈妈喊你回家吃饭。
If you haven’t heard about this, you probably haven’t been on the Chinese Internet in the last year. This simple line was left on a World of Warcraft BBS, and somehow — some are claiming it was an online agency stunt and was helped along — managed to attract over 7.1 million views and 300,000 comments in just the first 24 hours.
如果你没听过这句话,你去年绝对没上过中文网。这句简单的话是留在魔兽BBS上的,不知道什么原因——有说法是有网络公司是幕后推手——这句话吸引了710万人点击,在发布后24小时内产生了30万条评论。
4. We can’t go into detail on this matter.
4. 这事儿不能说太细。
This quote is the only one picked for the list that didn’t come originally from the Web, but rather from the real world. A government official evading a journalist’s persistent question about the annual total of car loans repaid in Tianjin simply said, “We can’t go into detail on this matter,” which apparently Netizens found really laughable.
这句话是唯一来自现实世界而不是网络的。一位政府官员在回答《焦点访谈》记者“天津市每年要偿还公路建设的贷款量有多大”的问题时,回答到“这事儿不能说太细”,网民们觉得这句话很有意思,于是流传甚广。
The rest of them, he goes over quickly:
剩下的流行语,我们列在这里:
5. Life is like a coffee table: it’s got tea sets and dinnerware all over it. (beiju, 杯具, is a homophone for tragedy, 悲剧, and dinnerware, canju, 餐具, a homophone for disaster, 惨剧).
5. 生活就像一个茶几,上面摆满了杯具和餐具。(杯具是“悲剧”的同音词,餐具是“惨剧”的同音词。)
6. It’s not that the story ended badly; it’s that we expect too much of the story.
6.不是故事的结局不够好,而是我们对故事要求太多。
7. Love is like two people holding two ends of a rubber band: it’s always the one who doesn’t let go who gets hurt more.
7.爱情就像两个人拉橡皮筋,受伤的总是不愿意放手的那一个。
8. A lovely flower doesn’t belong to the one who appreciates it, but to the dunghill it grows on. (“To stick a lovely flower in the dunghill” is a popular Chinese saying, normally used to describe the common social phenomenon of a pretty girl marrying an ugly but rich guy).
8.鲜花往往不属于赏花人,而属于牛粪。
9. You can’t spell BELIEVE without the LIE.
9. 就算是believe里面,也有lie。
10. The difference between a lie and a promise is that the believer of a lie is the listener and the believer of a promise is the speaker.
10.谎言和誓言的区别在于,一个是听的人当真了,一个是说的人当真了。
1.哥吃的不是面,是寂寞。
It’s ironic that in a country as populous as China, a meme about loneliness would be so popular. This seemingly irrational line has been repeated in every possible permutation, on every possible occasion, e.g. “What big brother is reading not a book, but loneliness.”
像中国人口这么多的国家,关于寂寞的病毒式模仿会这么流行实在是件很讽刺的事情。这句看上去很无厘头的话被用在了所有可能搭配的排列中,用在了所有场合,比如,“哥看的不是书,是寂寞。”
2. Don’t fantasize about big brother: I am only legend.
2.别迷恋哥,哥只是个传说。
The most popular variation of this line is “Don’t fantasize about big sister: I am only legend.”
这句话最流行的变体是“别迷恋姐,姐只是个传说。”
3. Jia Junpeng, your mom wants you to go home for dinner.”
3.贾君鹏,你妈妈喊你回家吃饭。
If you haven’t heard about this, you probably haven’t been on the Chinese Internet in the last year. This simple line was left on a World of Warcraft BBS, and somehow — some are claiming it was an online agency stunt and was helped along — managed to attract over 7.1 million views and 300,000 comments in just the first 24 hours.
如果你没听过这句话,你去年绝对没上过中文网。这句简单的话是留在魔兽BBS上的,不知道什么原因——有说法是有网络公司是幕后推手——这句话吸引了710万人点击,在发布后24小时内产生了30万条评论。
4. We can’t go into detail on this matter.
4. 这事儿不能说太细。
This quote is the only one picked for the list that didn’t come originally from the Web, but rather from the real world. A government official evading a journalist’s persistent question about the annual total of car loans repaid in Tianjin simply said, “We can’t go into detail on this matter,” which apparently Netizens found really laughable.
这句话是唯一来自现实世界而不是网络的。一位政府官员在回答《焦点访谈》记者“天津市每年要偿还公路建设的贷款量有多大”的问题时,回答到“这事儿不能说太细”,网民们觉得这句话很有意思,于是流传甚广。
The rest of them, he goes over quickly:
剩下的流行语,我们列在这里:
5. Life is like a coffee table: it’s got tea sets and dinnerware all over it. (beiju, 杯具, is a homophone for tragedy, 悲剧, and dinnerware, canju, 餐具, a homophone for disaster, 惨剧).
5. 生活就像一个茶几,上面摆满了杯具和餐具。(杯具是“悲剧”的同音词,餐具是“惨剧”的同音词。)
6. It’s not that the story ended badly; it’s that we expect too much of the story.
6.不是故事的结局不够好,而是我们对故事要求太多。
7. Love is like two people holding two ends of a rubber band: it’s always the one who doesn’t let go who gets hurt more.
7.爱情就像两个人拉橡皮筋,受伤的总是不愿意放手的那一个。
8. A lovely flower doesn’t belong to the one who appreciates it, but to the dunghill it grows on. (“To stick a lovely flower in the dunghill” is a popular Chinese saying, normally used to describe the common social phenomenon of a pretty girl marrying an ugly but rich guy).
8.鲜花往往不属于赏花人,而属于牛粪。
9. You can’t spell BELIEVE without the LIE.
9. 就算是believe里面,也有lie。
10. The difference between a lie and a promise is that the believer of a lie is the listener and the believer of a promise is the speaker.
10.谎言和誓言的区别在于,一个是听的人当真了,一个是说的人当真了。
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